A cost-of-living adjustment (COLA) rider increases your benefit amount annually during a disability — typically by 3–6% compounded — to help maintain purchasing power during a long-term claim. Without a COLA rider, a $5,000 monthly benefit that starts at age 40 may cover significantly less in real terms by age 55 due to inflation. A future purchase option (FPO) rider allows you to increase your coverage amount as your income grows, often without new medical underwriting, making it valuable for professionals in income-growth years.